Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

What is CABG?
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery builds a diversion around one or a lot of blocked coronary arteries with a graft from a healthy vein or artery. The graft goes around the clogged artery or arteries to form new pathways for oxygen-rich blood to flow to the guts.
Coronary artery bypass affixation (CABG) could be a kind of surgery that progresses blood flow to the guts. Surgeons use the coronary bypass to treat folks that have a severe coronary cardiovascular disease (CHD).
CHD could be a sickness within which a waxy substance referred to as plaque (plak) builds up within the coronary arteries. These arteries offer oxygen-rich blood to your heart.
Over time, plaque will harden or rupture (break open). Hardened plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the guts. this will cause hurting or discomfort referred to as angina.
If the plaque ruptures, a blood will kind on its surface. an oversized blood will largely or fully block blood flow through an artery. this can be the foremost common explanation for an attack. Over time, the busted plaque additionally hardens and narrows the coronary arteries.


Symptoms and Risk
Symptoms of coronary artery disease may include:
  • Chest pain
  • Fatigue (severe tiredness)
  • Palpitations
  • Abnormal heart rhythms
  • Shortness of breath
  • Swelling in the hands and feet
  • Indigestion



Detection and Diagnosis
Tests are done to search out that arteries are clogged, what proportion they are clogged, and whether or not there is any heart harm.

  • EKG (Electrocardiogram)

    • An ECG may be an easy take a look at that detects and records your heart's electrical activity. It shows how briskly your heart is thrashing and its rhythm (steady or irregular). It additionally records the strength and temporal order of electrical signals as they experience a part of your heart
    Some heart issues are easier to diagnose once your heart is functioning exhausting and beating quick. throughout stress testing, you exercise (or are given medication if you’re unable to exercise) to create your heart push and beat quick whereas heart tests are done.
    These tests could embody nuclear heart scanning, diagnostic technique, and resonance imaging (MRI) and antielectron emission imaging (PET) scanning of the centre.

  • Echocardiography

    • Echocardiography, or echo, uses sound waves to make a motion-picture show off your heart. The take a look at providing info concerning the dimensions and form of your heart and the way well your heart's chambers and valves are operating.
    The take a look at can also determine areas of poor blood flow to the centre, areas of cardiac muscle that are not getting unremarkably, and former injury to the centre muscle caused by poor blood flow.

  • Coronary roentgenography

    • Coronary roentgenography uses dye and special x rays to indicate the insides of your coronary (heart) arteries. throughout the take a look at, a long, thin, versatile tube known as a tube is placed into a vessel in your arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck.
    The tube is then rib into your coronary arteries, and therefore the dye is injected into your blood. Special x rays are taken whereas the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries.
    The dye lets your doctor study the flow of blood through your heart and blood vessels. This helps your doctor realize blockages which will cause a heart failure.



Other Considerations
When deciding whether you're a candidate for CABG, your doctor also will consider your:

  • History and past treatment of heart disease, including surgeries, procedures, and medicines
  • History of other diseases and conditions
  • Age and general health
  • Family history of CHD, heart attack, or other heart diseases



Treatment Method
How is CABG performed?

  • CABG is one treatment for CHD. During CABG, a healthy artery or vein from the body is connected, or grafted, to the blocked coronary artery. The grafted artery or vein bypasses (that is, goes around) the blocked portion of the coronary artery. This creates a new path for oxygen-rich blood to flow to the heart muscle.
    Surgeons can bypass multiple coronary arteries during one surgery.

Other procedures available to cure the disease

  • Key Hole Surgery
  • Enhanced External Counter Pulsation
  • Coronary Angioplasty
  • Balloon Angioplast



What is the cost of the procedure?
The cost of the procedure is about 6500 USD.


What is the success rate?
The success rate of success of CABG has been around 95-98%


Treatment Duration
The time required in the procedure is about 3-6 hours and the hospital stay would last for about 3 to 8 days.


Precautions
Some of these risk factors can be controlled through lifestyle changes and/or medications, while others cannot. Controllable factors include:

  • High blood cholesterol
  • Smoking
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • Physical inactivity
  • Obesity
  • Poor diet.

Non-controllable factors include:

  • Age
  • Ethnicity
  • Family history
  • Medical history